There is no cure for the common cold, but there are lots of ways to make its symptoms bearable.
Aila Omar, Pharmacy Manager at North Central Co-op in Edmonton, Alta., talked to us about ways to prevent colds and how to manage symptoms when they occur.
What is the common cold?
A cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract which affects the nose and throat. Common symptoms include sore throat, cough, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing and a general feeling of malaise.
The virus that causes the common cold spreads through droplets in the air when someone who is ill coughs or sneezes. It's also spread by sharing or touching contaminated objects.
"The virus can enter your body if you then touch your eyes, mouth or nose," explained Omar.
You should contact your doctor if you have a high fever (greater than 38.5 C), experience shortness of breath or wheezing, chest pain, severe sore throat or headache, or if your cold symptoms persist beyond seven to 10 days.
How can I avoid a cold?
The easiest way to prevent the common cold is by washing your hands.
"Washing with soap and water is best, but in the absence of water, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer," said Omar.
If you're sick, cough and sneeze into your elbow, use tissues and refrain from sharing drinking glasses. Omar recommended disinfecting counter tops and door handles and washing children’s toys periodically, as well as encouraging children to wash their hands.
It's also important to take care of yourself – eat and sleep well, manage your stress levels and exercise.
How are colds treated?
Because there is no cure for the common cold, treatment is based on managing symptoms.
"Antibiotics will not help unless you have a secondary bacterial infection that is diagnosed by your doctor," Omar reminded us.
Often there is no need for medication. Remedies like rest, drinking plenty of liquids and chicken soup to relieve congestion, salt-water gargles for sore throats and humidifiers work to manage symptoms. These remedies are especially good for children under the age of six because cough and cold medications are not recommended at this age.
There are several over-the-counter medications available at your pharmacy, including pain and fever relievers, cough syrup, sinus medication and supplements. Your pharmacist can help you determine whether medication is necessary and help you select a safe and effective treatment.
How can my pharmacist help?
With all the cough and cold remedies available, it can be difficult to know which is best for you. Your pharmacist can make recommendations based on your symptoms and factors like whether your cough is dry or wet.
Medical conditions, allergies or other medications that you are taking may interact negatively with over-the-counter medications, and your pharmacist will take these into consideration when helping you choose. Your pharmacist will also be able to identify warning signs to refer you to a physician if necessary.
Looking for comfort for your cough or cold? Your Co-op pharmacy is here to help.